# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import * from numpy import * import pickle ## FBIZER ## Luke Campagnola 2009.12.14 # # Downloads your list of facebook friends, some of their info, and a list of # which of your friends are connected to each other. # Animates the network, allowing people who know each other to group. # If you have a large network, you'll need a fast computer. # Depends on python, pyqt4, numpy, and pyfacebook # run with "python -i fbizer.py" ## You will have to get your own FB application API key/secret combo and put them here: apikey = '' secret = '' # Control # Mouse-over dots to see their info # Drag dots to manually reshape the network # Right-button-drag up/down to zoom # middle-button-drag to pam # # From the command line: # runLoop = False # stops animation # startLoop() # starts animation # kick() # randomly jostles points # colorBy(...) # change the coloring based on user data # -- try these: -- # colorBy('sex') # colorBy('relationship_status') # colorBy('hometown_location') # colorBy(['hometown_location', 'state']) # colorBy(['hometown_location', 'city']) # view.writeSvg() ## Save an SVG file of everything visible # view.writeImage() ## Save a PNG image file of everything visible ## Todo: # names on/off # lines on/off # hilight selected node's lines # Delicious Global Variables! Most of these variables can be changed from # the python interactive prompt while the program is running. # set to True, will store FB data to disk so it only needs to # download data the first time the program is run. # (must be set before starting the program) storeCache = False # set to False to stop the animation loop runLoop = True # How much to prevent tightly interconnected groups from squeezing together uncrowdingFactor = 0.2 # How strongly to push all nodes inward. If you have a large network, # you probably wand a smaller bounding force. boundingForce = 0.005 # Time step for each frame. Larger values cause faster simulation, # but may become unstable dt = 0.01 # Maximum distance a point can move for each frame. Slows things # down, but also stabilizes the simulation. moveLimit = 0.3 # UIDs to remove from the set before displaying # looks like [1123321, 122321123, 11232131] removeUIDs = [] class Node(QGraphicsEllipseItem): def __init__(self, array, info): rad = array[2] * .05 QGraphicsEllipseItem.__init__(self, QRectF(-rad, -rad, rad*2, rad*2)) self.array = array self.info = info self.setZValue(10) self.held = False self.setColor() def mousePressEvent(self, ev): if ev.button() == Qt.LeftButton: ev.accept() self.held = True def mouseMoveEvent(self, ev): self.setPos(ev.scenePos(), ignoreHold=True) self.updateArray() def mouseReleaseEvent(self, ev): self.held = False def setPos(self, pos, y=None, ignoreHold=False): if self.held and not ignoreHold: self.updateArray() return if y is None: QGraphicsEllipseItem.setPos(self, pos) else: QGraphicsEllipseItem.setPos(self, pos, y) def updateArray(self): self.array[0] = self.pos().x() self.array[1] = self.pos().y() def updatePos(self): self.setPos(self.array[0], self.array[1]) def setColor(self, c=None): if c is None: self.setBrush(QBrush(QColor(70, 70, 160, 200))) self.setPen(QPen(QColor(255, 255, 255, 50))) else: self.setBrush(QBrush(QColor(c))) self.setPen(QPen(QColor(255, 255, 255, 50))) #self.setPen(QPen(Qt.NoPen)) def updateGraph(): global nodeItems, linkItems global nodes, links, nodeInd for i in range(len(nodes)): node = nodes[i] nodeItems[node].updatePos() for i in range(len(links)): link = links[i] p1 = nodeItems[link[0]].pos() p2 = nodeItems[link[1]].pos() linkItems[link].setLine(p1.x(), p1.y(), p2.x(), p2.y()) #view.setRange(QRectF(x.min()-1, y.min()-1, x.max()-x.min()+2, y.max()-y.min()+2)) def iterate(dt, debug=False): global data, linkMap, unlinkMap, uncrowdingFactor, boundingForce x = data[0] y = data[1] r = data[2] diag = eye(len(x), dtype=bool) xr = atleast_2d(x) xc = xr.transpose() yr = atleast_2d(y) yc = yr.transpose() rr = atleast_2d(r) rc = rr.transpose() # matrix of position differences between pairs of nodes xd = xr - xc yd = yr - yc rtot = rr + rc ## matrix of sum of radii between pairs of nodes if debug: print "diffs:" print xd print yd ## matrix of distance^2 between nodes d2 = xd*xd + yd*yd d = sqrt(d2) if debug: print "distance" print d ## unit vectors between nodes xu = xd / d yu = yd / d #if debug: #print "units" #print xu #print yu ## matrix of forces between nodes f = - rtot / d2 ## all nodes push away ## link weighting factor -- nodes surrounded by many siblings should pull less. dinv = 1.0/d dinv[diag] = 0 wr = atleast_2d(1.0 / ((uncrowdingFactor * (dinv*linkMap).sum(axis=0)) + 1)) ## represents 1 / (1+ (sum of 1/d)) for each node wc = wr.transpose() weights = wr * wc if debug: print "weights" print weights f += 1.0 * d2 * linkMap * weights ## connected nodes pull toward ## split into x/y components fx = f * xu fy = f * yu ## kill diagonal fx[diag] = 0 fy[diag] = 0 if debug: print "links" print linkMap print "force" print f print fx print fy ## sum all forces fx = fx.sum(axis=0) fy = fy.sum(axis=0) ## inward force fx += boundingForce * x**3 fy += boundingForce * y**3 ## clip to prevent integration errors global moveLimit dx = clip(-fx*dt, -moveLimit, moveLimit) dy = clip(-fy*dt, -moveLimit, moveLimit) if debug: print "summed force" print fx print fy ## update positions x += dx y += dy def run(iter=10): global dt for i in range(iter): d = False #if i == iter-1: #d = True iterate(dt, debug=d) updateGraph() #updateGraph() def loop(): run(1) global runLoop if runLoop: t = QTimer.singleShot(10, loop) def kick(v=0.5): global data data[0:2] += (random.random((2, data.shape[1]))-0.5) * v def getFacebookData(): import facebook, codecs global apikey, secret fb = facebook.Facebook(apikey, secret) fb.auth.createToken() fb.login() print 'After logging in, press enter...' raw_input() fb.auth.getSession() print "Looking up all friend info.." info = fb.fql.query('select name, affiliations, religion, sex, hometown_location, relationship_status, significant_other_id, uid from user where uid in (select uid2 from friend where uid1=%d)' % fb.uid) friendInfo = dict([(f['uid'], f) for f in info]) print "Looking up all connections.." arefriends = fb.fql.query('select uid1, uid2 from friend where uid1 in (select uid2 from friend where uid1=%d) and uid2 in (select uid2 from friend where uid1=%d)' % (fb.uid, fb.uid)) def sortpair(x,y): if x > y: return (y, x) else: return (x, y) friendset = set([sortpair(int(f['uid1']), int(f['uid2'])) for f in arefriends]) return {'friendInfo': friendInfo, 'connect': list(friendset)} def intColor(ind, colors=9, values=3, maxValue=255, minValue=150, sat=255): """Creates a QColor from a single index. Useful for stepping through a predefined list of colors.""" colors = int(colors) values = int(values) ind = int(ind) % (colors * values) indh = ind % colors indv = ind / colors v = minValue + indv * ((maxValue-minValue) / (values-1)) h = (indh * 360) / colors c = QColor() c.setHsv(h, sat, v) return c def multiIndex(data, keys): if not isinstance(keys, list): keys = [keys] for k in keys: try: data = data[k] except: return None if type(data) is dict: return tuple(data.items()) return data def colorBy(key): global nodeInfo, nodeItems if key is None: for n in nodeItems: nodeItems[n].setColor(None) return vals = [multiIndex(nodeInfo[n], key) for n in nodeInfo] vals = list(set(vals)) colors = {} c = 0 for v in vals: if v is None or v == '': colors[v] = QColor(100, 100, 100, 100) else: colors[v] = intColor(c, colors=len(vals)) c += 1 for n in nodeItems: val = multiIndex(nodeInfo[n], key) nodeItems[n].setColor(colors[val]) ### Begin codes copied from the great elsewhere to ease distribution. from math import acos import types def pclip(x, mn, mx): if x > mx: return mx if x < mn: return mn return x class Point(QPointF): """Extension of QPointF which adds a few missing methods.""" def __init__(self, *args): if len(args) == 1: if hasattr(args[0], '__getitem__'): QPointF.__init__(self, float(args[0][0]), float(args[0][1])) return elif type(args[0]) in [types.FloatType, types.IntType]: QPointF.__init__(self, float(args[0]), float(args[0])) return elif len(args) == 2: QPointF.__init__(self, args[0], args[1]) return QPointF.__init__(self, *args) def __getitem__(self, i): if i == 0: return self.x() elif i == 1: return self.y() else: raise IndexError("Point has no index %d" % i) def __setitem__(self, i, x): if i == 0: return self.setX(x) elif i == 1: return self.setY(x) else: raise IndexError("Point has no index %d" % i) def __radd__(self, a): return self._math_('__radd__', a) def __add__(self, a): return self._math_('__add__', a) def __rsub__(self, a): return self._math_('__rsub__', a) def __sub__(self, a): return self._math_('__sub__', a) def __rmul__(self, a): return self._math_('__rmul__', a) def __mul__(self, a): return self._math_('__mul__', a) def __rdiv__(self, a): return self._math_('__rdiv__', a) def __div__(self, a): return self._math_('__div__', a) def __rpow__(self, a): return self._math_('__rpow__', a) def __pow__(self, a): return self._math_('__pow__', a) def _math_(self, op, x): #print "point math:", op try: return Point(getattr(QPointF, op)(self, x)) except: x = Point(x) return Point(getattr(self[0], op)(x[0]), getattr(self[1], op)(x[1])) def length(self): return (self[0]**2 + self[1]**2) ** 0.5 def angle(self, a): n1 = self.length() n2 = a.length() if n1 == 0. or n2 == 0.: return None ang = acos(pclip(self.dot(a) / (n1 * n2), -1.0, 1.0)) c = self.cross(a) if c > 0: ang *= -1. return ang def dot(self, a): a = Point(a) return self[0]*a[0] + self[1]*a[1] def cross(self, a): a = Point(a) return self[0]*a[1] - self[1]*a[0] def __repr__(self): return "Point(%f, %f)" % (self[0], self[1]) def min(self): return min(self[0], self[1]) def max(self): return max(self[0], self[1]) class GraphicsView(QGraphicsView): def __init__(self, *args): """Re-implementation of QGraphicsView that removes scrollbars and allows unambiguous control of the viewed coordinate range. Also automatically creates a QGraphicsScene and a central QGraphicsWidget that is automatically scaled to the full view geometry. By default, the view coordinate system matches the widget's pixel coordinates and automatically updates when the view is resized. This can be overridden by setting autoPixelRange=False. The exact visible range can be set with setRange(). The view can be panned using the left mouse button and scaled using the right mouse button unless disabled via enableMouse(False).""" QGraphicsView.__init__(self, *args) from PyQt4 import QtOpenGL self.setViewport(QtOpenGL.QGLWidget()) palette = QPalette() brush = QBrush(QColor(0,0,0)) brush.setStyle(Qt.SolidPattern) palette.setBrush(QPalette.Active,QPalette.Base,brush) brush = QBrush(QColor(0,0,0)) brush.setStyle(Qt.SolidPattern) palette.setBrush(QPalette.Inactive,QPalette.Base,brush) brush = QBrush(QColor(244,244,244)) brush.setStyle(Qt.SolidPattern) palette.setBrush(QPalette.Disabled,QPalette.Base,brush) self.setPalette(palette) self.setProperty("cursor",QVariant(Qt.ArrowCursor)) self.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus) self.setFrameShape(QFrame.NoFrame) self.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff) self.setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt.ScrollBarAlwaysOff) self.setTransformationAnchor(QGraphicsView.NoAnchor) self.setResizeAnchor(QGraphicsView.AnchorViewCenter) #self.setResizeAnchor(QGraphicsView.NoAnchor) self.setViewportUpdateMode(QGraphicsView.SmartViewportUpdate) self.setSceneRect(QRectF(-1e100, -1e100, 1e100, 1e100)) #self.setInteractive(False) self.lockedViewports = [] self.lastMousePos = None #self.setMouseTracking(False) self.aspectLocked = False self.yInverted = True self.range = QRectF(0, 0, 1, 1) self.autoPixelRange = True self.currentItem = None self.clearMouse() self.updateMatrix() self.sceneObj = QGraphicsScene() self.setScene(self.sceneObj) self.centralWidget = None self.setCentralItem(QGraphicsWidget()) self.mouseEnabled = False def setCentralItem(self, item): if self.centralWidget is not None: self.scene().removeItem(self.centralWidget) self.centralWidget = item self.sceneObj.addItem(item) def addItem(self, *args): return self.scene().addItem(*args) def enableMouse(self, b=True): self.mouseEnabled = b self.autoPixelRange = (not b) def clearMouse(self): self.mouseTrail = [] self.lastButtonReleased = None def resizeEvent(self, ev): if self.autoPixelRange: self.range = QRectF(0, 0, self.size().width(), self.size().height()) self.setRange(self.range, padding=0) self.updateMatrix() def updateMatrix(self, propagate=True): #print "udpateMatrix:" translate = Point(self.range.center()) if self.range.width() == 0 or self.range.height() == 0: return scale = Point(self.size().width()/self.range.width(), self.size().height()/self.range.height()) m = QMatrix() ## First center the viewport at 0 self.resetMatrix() center = self.viewportTransform().inverted()[0].map(Point(self.width()/2., self.height()/2.)) if self.yInverted: m.translate(center.x(), center.y()) #print " inverted; translate", center.x(), center.y() else: m.translate(center.x(), -center.y()) #print " not inverted; translate", center.x(), -center.y() ## Now scale and translate properly if self.aspectLocked: scale = Point(scale.min()) if not self.yInverted: scale = scale * Point(1, -1) m.scale(scale[0], scale[1]) #print " scale:", scale st = translate m.translate(-st[0], -st[1]) #print " translate:", st self.setMatrix(m) self.currentScale = scale if propagate: for v in self.lockedViewports: v.setXRange(self.range, padding=0) def visibleRange(self): r = QRectF(self.rect()) return self.viewportTransform().inverted()[0].mapRect(r) def translate(self, dx, dy): self.range.adjust(dx, dy, dx, dy) self.updateMatrix() def scale(self, sx, sy): scale = [sx, sy] if self.aspectLocked: scale[0] = scale[1] adj = (self.range.width()*0.5*(1.0-(1.0/scale[0])), self.range.height()*0.5*(1.0-(1.0/scale[1]))) #print "======\n", scale, adj #print self.range self.range.adjust(adj[0], adj[1], -adj[0], -adj[1]) #print self.range self.updateMatrix() def setRange(self, newRect=None, padding=0.05, lockAspect=None, propagate=True): if newRect is None: newRect = self.visibleRange() padding = 0 padding = Point(padding) newRect = QRectF(newRect) pw = newRect.width() * padding[0] ph = newRect.height() * padding[1] self.range = newRect.adjusted(-pw, -ph, pw, ph) #print "New Range:", self.range self.centralWidget.setGeometry(self.range) self.updateMatrix(propagate) self.emit(SIGNAL('viewChanged'), self.range) def lockXRange(self, v1): if not v1 in self.lockedViewports: self.lockedViewports.append(v1) def setXRange(self, r, padding=0.05): r1 = QRectF(self.range) r1.setLeft(r.left()) r1.setRight(r.right()) self.setRange(r1, padding=[padding, 0], propagate=False) def setYRange(self, r, padding=0.05): r1 = QRectF(self.range) r1.setTop(r.top()) r1.setBottom(r.bottom()) self.setRange(r1, padding=[0, padding], propagate=False) def invertY(self, invert=True): #if self.yInverted != invert: #self.scale[1] *= -1. self.yInverted = invert self.updateMatrix() def wheelEvent(self, ev): if not self.mouseEnabled: return QGraphicsView.wheelEvent(self, ev) sc = 1.001 ** ev.delta() #self.scale *= sc #self.updateMatrix() self.scale(sc, sc) def setAspectLocked(self, s): self.aspectLocked = s #def mouseDoubleClickEvent(self, ev): #QGraphicsView.mouseDoubleClickEvent(self, ev) #pass ## This function is here because interactive mode is disabled due to bugs. def graphicsSceneEvent(self, ev, pev=None, fev=None): ev1 = GraphicsSceneMouseEvent() ev1.setPos(QPointF(ev.pos().x(), ev.pos().y())) ev1.setButtons(ev.buttons()) ev1.setButton(ev.button()) ev1.setModifiers(ev.modifiers()) ev1.setScenePos(self.mapToScene(QPoint(ev.pos()))) if pev is not None: ev1.setLastPos(pev.pos()) ev1.setLastScenePos(pev.scenePos()) ev1.setLastScreenPos(pev.screenPos()) if fev is not None: ev1.setButtonDownPos(fev.pos()) ev1.setButtonDownScenePos(fev.scenePos()) ev1.setButtonDownScreenPos(fev.screenPos()) return ev1 def mousePressEvent(self, ev): QGraphicsView.mousePressEvent(self, ev) #print "Press over:" #for i in self.items(ev.pos()): #print i.zValue(), int(i.acceptedMouseButtons()), i, i.scenePos() #print "Grabber:", self.scene().mouseGrabberItem() if not self.mouseEnabled: return self.lastMousePos = Point(ev.pos()) self.currentItem = None maxZ = None for i in self.items(ev.pos()): if maxZ is None or maxZ < i.zValue(): self.currentItem = i maxZ = i.zValue() #items = self.items(ev.pos()) #items.sort(lambda a,b: cmp(a.zValue(), b.zValue()) self.pev = self.graphicsSceneEvent(ev) self.fev = self.pev if self.currentItem is not None: self.currentItem.mousePressEvent(self.pev) #self.clearMouse() #self.mouseTrail.append(Point(self.mapToScene(ev.pos()))) self.emit(SIGNAL("mousePressed(PyQt_PyObject)"), self.mouseTrail) def mouseReleaseEvent(self, ev): QGraphicsView.mouseReleaseEvent(self, ev) if not self.mouseEnabled: return #self.mouseTrail.append(Point(self.mapToScene(ev.pos()))) self.emit(SIGNAL("mouseReleased(PyQt_PyObject)"), self.mouseTrail) if self.currentItem is not None: pev = self.graphicsSceneEvent(ev, self.pev, self.fev) self.pev = pev self.currentItem.mouseReleaseEvent(pev) self.currentItem = None self.lastButtonReleased = ev.button() def mouseMoveEvent(self, ev): QGraphicsView.mouseMoveEvent(self, ev) if not self.mouseEnabled: return self.emit(SIGNAL("sceneMouseMoved(PyQt_PyObject)"), self.mapToScene(ev.pos())) #print "moved. Grabber:", self.scene().mouseGrabberItem() #self.mouseTrail.append(Point(self.mapToScene(ev.pos()))) if self.currentItem is not None: pev = self.graphicsSceneEvent(ev, self.pev, self.fev) self.pev = pev self.currentItem.mouseMoveEvent(pev) if self.lastMousePos is None: self.lastMousePos = Point(ev.pos()) delta = Point(ev.pos()) - self.lastMousePos self.lastMousePos = Point(ev.pos()) if ev.buttons() == Qt.RightButton: delta = Point(pclip(delta[0], -50, 50), pclip(-delta[1], -50, 50)) scale = 1.01 ** delta #if self.yInverted: #scale[0] = 1. / scale[0] self.scale(scale[0], scale[1]) self.emit(SIGNAL('regionChanged(QRectF)'), self.range) elif ev.buttons() == Qt.MidButton: tr = -delta / self.currentScale self.translate(tr[0], tr[1]) self.emit(SIGNAL('regionChanged(QRectF)'), self.range) def writeSvg(self, fileName=None): if fileName is None: fileName = str(QFileDialog.getSaveFileName()) from PyQt4 import QtSvg self.svg = QtSvg.QSvgGenerator() self.svg.setFileName(fileName) self.svg.setSize(self.size()) self.svg.setResolution(600) painter = QPainter(self.svg) self.render(painter) def writeImage(self, fileName=None): if fileName is None: fileName = str(QFileDialog.getSaveFileName()) self.png = QImage(self.size(), QImage.Format_ARGB32) painter = QPainter(self.png) rh = self.renderHints() self.setRenderHints(QPainter.Antialiasing) self.render(painter) self.setRenderHints(rh) self.png.save(fileName) def getFreehandLine(self): # Wait for click self.clearMouse() while self.lastButtonReleased != Qt.LeftButton: qApp.sendPostedEvents() qApp.processEvents() time.sleep(0.01) fl = vstack(self.mouseTrail) return fl def getClick(self): fl = self.getFreehandLine() return fl[-1] class GraphicsSceneMouseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent): """Stand-in class for QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent""" def __init__(self): QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent.__init__(self) def setPos(self, p): self.vpos = p def setButtons(self, p): self.vbuttons = p def setButton(self, p): self.vbutton = p def setModifiers(self, p): self.vmodifiers = p def setScenePos(self, p): self.vscenePos = p def setLastPos(self, p): self.vlastPos = p def setLastScenePos(self, p): self.vlastScenePos = p def setLastScreenPos(self, p): self.vlastScreenPos = p def setButtonDownPos(self, p): self.vbuttonDownPos = p def setButtonDownScenePos(self, p): self.vbuttonDownScenePos = p def setButtonDownScreenPos(self, p): self.vbuttonDownScreenPos = p def pos(self): return self.vpos def buttons(self): return self.vbuttons def button(self): return self.vbutton def modifiers(self): return self.vmodifiers def scenePos(self): return self.vscenePos def lastPos(self): return self.vlastPos def lastScenePos(self): return self.vlastScenePos def lastScreenPos(self): return self.vlastScreenPos def buttonDownPos(self): return self.vbuttonDownPos def buttonDownScenePos(self): return self.vbuttonDownScenePos def buttonDownScreenPos(self): return self.vbuttonDownScreenPos class View(GraphicsView): def __init__(self): GraphicsView.__init__(self) self.setMouseTracking(True) def mouseMoveEvent(self, ev): GraphicsView.mouseMoveEvent(self, ev) items = self.items(ev.pos()) for i in items: if isinstance(i, Node): global status exkeys = ['sex', 'religion', 'hometown_location', 'relationship_status'] extra = ','.join(["%s: %s" % (k, i.info[k]) for k in exkeys]) status.showMessage("%d: %s %s" % (i.info['uid'],i.info['name'],extra)) try: fd = open('facebook_data.pickle') data = pickle.load(fd) fd.close() except: data = getFacebookData() if storeCache: fd = open('facebook_data.pickle', 'w') pickle.dump(data, fd) fd.close() links = data['connect'] nodeInfo = data['friendInfo'] nodes = nodeInfo.keys() ## remove specific uids from list for k in nodeInfo: if k in removeUIDs: nodes.remove(k) links = [x for x in links if x[0] != k and x[1] != k] break ## count connections for k in nodeInfo: n = len([1 for x in links if (k in x)]) nodeInfo[k]['count'] = n nodeInd = {} for i in range(len(nodes)): nodeInd[nodes[i]] = i linkMap = zeros((len(nodes), len(nodes)), dtype=bool) for l in links: i1 = nodeInd[l[0]] i2 = nodeInd[l[1]] linkMap[i1, i2] = 1 linkMap[i2, i1] = 1 unlinkMap = 1-linkMap app = QApplication([]) win = QMainWindow() win.resize(600, 600) view = View() win.setCentralWidget(view) scene = QGraphicsScene() view.setScene(scene) win.show() view.setAspectLocked(True) view.enableMouse() view.setRange(QRectF(-20, -20, 40, 40)) status = QStatusBar() win.setStatusBar(status) data = random.random((3, len(nodes)))-0.5 ## columns are x, y, radius #x = random.random(len(nodes))-0.5 #y = random.random(len(nodes))-0.5 data[2] = 5 + sqrt(array([nodeInfo[k]['count'] for k in nodes])) nodeItems = {} for i in range(len(nodes)): n = nodes[i] item = Node(data[:, i], nodeInfo[n]) scene.addItem(item) nodeItems[n] = item linkItems = {} for l in links: i = QGraphicsLineItem(0, 0, 1, 1) linkItems[l] = i scene.addItem(i) so1 = nodeInfo[l[0]]['significant_other_id'] so2 = nodeInfo[l[1]]['significant_other_id'] if so1 == l[1] or so2 == l[0]: i.setPen(QPen(QColor(255, 255, 0, 100))) else: i.setPen(QPen(QColor(255, 255, 255, 50))) def startLoop(): global runLoop runLoop = True loop() startLoop()